Malnutrition remains a critical challenge in clinical medicine and public health epidemiology. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Chemicals the body cannot synthesize; they must come from the diet.
Essential (Indispensable) : 9 amino acids that must be supplied by the diet (Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine). human nutrition lecture notes jimma university pdf
Laboratory tests to detect nutrient levels in blood, urine, or tissue.
Composed of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O). The general formula is $C_n(H_2O)_n$. Laboratory tests to detect nutrient levels in blood,
: Leads to fatigue, poor school performance, and maternal mortality.
Comprehensive Lecture Notes on Human Nutrition Human nutrition is a cornerstone of public health, clinical medicine, and socio-economic development. In developing nations, understanding nutrition is vital for combating the dual burden of malnutrition—where undernutrition and obesity coexist. : Leads to fatigue, poor school performance, and
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: Necessary for bone mineralization and muscle contraction. 3. Nutritional Requirements Across the Life Cycle
Vitamins are organic compounds required in minute quantities for essential metabolic reactions. Major Functions Deficiency Manifestations Fat-soluble Vision cycle, immune function, cell differentiation Night blindness, Xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots Vitamin D (Calciferol) Fat-soluble Calcium and phosphorus absorption, bone mineralization Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults) Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Fat-soluble Antioxidant, stabilizes cell membranes Hemolytic anemia, neurological deficits Vitamin K Fat-soluble Synthesis of blood-clotting proteins (prothrombin) Hemorrhagic disease, prolonged bleeding times Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Water-soluble Coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism Beriberi (Wet/Dry), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Water-soluble Coenzyme in energy metabolism (NAD, NADP) Pellagra (Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death) Vitamin B9 (Folate) Water-soluble DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation Megaloblastic anemia, Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Water-soluble Collagen synthesis, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption Scurvy (bleeding gums, petechiae, delayed healing)